Arduino UNO R4 Màn Hình TFT LCD Touch Display
Trong hướng dẫn cơ bản này, bạn sẽ học cách sử dụng màn hình TFT LCD Touch Display RM68140 3.5 inch với Arduino UNO R4 của mình. Chúng ta sẽ đi từ từ và giải thích mọi thứ một cách rõ ràng. Bạn sẽ học cách:
- Kết nối màn hình với Arduino UNO R4 — cắm màn hình vào Arduino UNO R4 đúng cách
- Hiển thị văn bản và số — hiển thị từ ngữ, số nguyên và số thập phân
- Sử dụng font đặc biệt — thay đổi cách văn bản hiển thị
- Vẽ các hình đơn giản — tạo hình tròn, hình chữ nhật và tam giác trên màn hình
- Hiển thị hình ảnh — hiển thị ảnh, thậm chí từ thẻ MicroSD
- Sử dụng màn hình cảm ứng — bạn sẽ học:
- Cách điều chỉnh màn hình cảm ứng (calibration)
- Cách tìm vị trí bạn chạm trên màn hình
- Cách phản hồi khi ai đó chạm vào màn hình
- Cách vẽ trên màn hình bằng cách chạm
- Cách tạo các nút bấm cảm ứng
Quan trọng: Hướng dẫn này chỉ dành cho màn hình cảm ứng DIYables 3.5" RM68140. Nếu màn hình của bạn không có cảm ứng, vui lòng sử dụng hướng dẫn khác cho Arduino UNO R4 - TFT LCD Display thay thế.
Phần Cứng Cần Thiết
| 1 | × | Arduino UNO R4 WiFi hoặc Arduino UNO R4 Minima | ||
| 1 | × | (Tùy chọn) DIYables STEM V4 IoT, tương thích với Arduino Uno R4 WiFi | ||
| 1 | × | Arduino UNO R4 Minima (Thay thế) | ||
| 1 | × | Cáp USB Type-C | ||
| 1 | × | 3.5 Inch 320x480 RM68140 TFT LCD Touch Display Shield | ||
| 1 | × | (Tùy chọn) Thẻ Micro SD | ||
| 1 | × | (Khuyến nghị) Screw Terminal Block Shield for Arduino UNO R4 | ||
| 1 | × | (Khuyến nghị) Breadboard Shield for Arduino UNO R4 | ||
| 1 | × | (Khuyến nghị) Enclosure for Arduino UNO R4 | ||
| 1 | × | (Khuyến nghị) Power Splitter for Arduino UNO R4 | ||
| 1 | × | (Khuyến nghị) Prototyping Base Plate & Breadboard Kit for Arduino UNO |
Or you can buy the following kits:
| 1 | × | DIYables STEM V4 IoT Starter Kit (Arduino included) | ||
| 1 | × | DIYables Sensor Kit (30 sensors/displays) | ||
| 1 | × | DIYables Sensor Kit (18 sensors/displays) |
Về TFT LCD Touch Display
DIYables 3.5" TFT LCD Touch Display Shield là một màn hình bạn có thể sử dụng với Arduino UNO R4. Nó có những tính năng thú vị sau:
- Màn hình 3.5 inch sáng và nhiều màu với độ phân giải 320x480
- Màn hình cảm ứng cho phép người dùng tương tác bằng cách chạm vào màn hình
- Khe cắm thẻ microSD, để bạn có thể lưu trữ hình ảnh hoặc dữ liệu
- Giao tiếp song song 8-bit, có nghĩa là cập nhật màn hình nhanh hơn
- Hoạt động với Arduino UNO R4 WiFi, UNO R4 Minima, Uno, Mega — chỉ cần cắm vào
Sản phẩm này có hai phiên bản:
| Tính Năng | Phiên Bản Cũ | Phiên Bản Mới |
|---|---|---|
| Driver IC | ILI9488 | RM68140 |
| Độ Phân Giải | 320 x 480 | 320 x 480 |
| Màn Hình Cảm Ứng | Resistive | Resistive |
| Giao Diện | 8-bit Parallel | 8-bit Parallel |
| Xoay Màn Hình | ⚠️ Bị lộn ngược ở một số góc xoay | ✅ Tất cả góc xoay đều đúng |
| Tốc Độ Vẽ | Chậm (từng pixel) | ⚡ Tăng tốc phần cứng |
| Thư Viện Arduino | DIYables_TFT_Touch_Shield v1.0.0 | DIYables_TFT_Touch_Shield v2.0.0+ |
※ Lưu ý:
Nếu bạn có phiên bản cũ (ILI9488), sử dụng thư viện DIYables_TFT_Touch_Shield phiên bản 1.0.0. Nếu bạn có phiên bản mới (RM68140), cập nhật lên thư viện phiên bản 2.0.0 hoặc mới hơn thông qua Arduino Library Manager. Hướng dẫn này bao gồm phiên bản mới (RM68140), nhưng cả hai phiên bản đều sử dụng cùng cấu trúc code và ví dụ.
Màn hình được điều khiển bởi driver RM68140 và rất phù hợp cho các dự án cần màn hình đẹp và điều khiển cảm ứng đơn giản.
Shield sử dụng các chân Arduino sau:
| Chân Arduino | Chức Năng | Ghi Chú |
|---|---|---|
| D2 | Data Bit 2 (DB2) | Bus dữ liệu song song 8-bit |
| D3 | Data Bit 3 (DB3) | Bus dữ liệu song song 8-bit |
| D4 | Data Bit 4 (DB4) | Bus dữ liệu song song 8-bit |
| D5 | Data Bit 5 (DB5) | Bus dữ liệu song song 8-bit |
| D6 | Data Bit 6 (DB6) / Touch X+ | Dùng chung với touch |
| D7 | Data Bit 7 (DB7) / Touch Y- | Dùng chung với touch |
| D8 | Data Bit 0 (DB0) | Bus dữ liệu song song 8-bit |
| D9 | Data Bit 1 (DB1) | Bus dữ liệu song song 8-bit |
| D10 | SD Card CS | Rảnh nếu không dùng microSD |
| D11 | SD Card MOSI (SPI) | Rảnh nếu không dùng microSD |
| D12 | SD Card MISO (SPI) | Rảnh nếu không dùng microSD |
| D13 | SD Card SCK (SPI) | Rảnh nếu không dùng microSD |
| A0 | LCD Read (RD) | Tín hiệu điều khiển |
| A1 | LCD Write (WR) / Touch Y+ | Dùng chung với touch |
| A2 | LCD Command/Data (CD) / Touch X- | Dùng chung với touch |
| A3 | LCD Chip Select (CS) | Tín hiệu điều khiển |
| A4 | LCD Reset (RST) | Tín hiệu điều khiển |
| A5 | **Không dùng** | Rảnh cho dự án của bạn |
※ Lưu ý:
Các chân D6, D7, A1, và A2 được dùng chung giữa bus dữ liệu màn hình và màn hình cảm ứng. Thư viện sẽ tự động xử lý việc chuyển đổi giữa chế độ hiển thị và cảm ứng. Chân A5 không được shield sử dụng và có thể dùng cho mục đích khác (ví dụ: cảm biến, LED).
Sơ Đồ Kết Nối
Bắt đầu rất dễ! Chỉ cần đặt shield lên trên bo mạch Arduino UNO R4 của bạn — đảm bảo khe cắm thẻ microSD ở cùng phía với cổng USB. Bạn không cần dây jumper hay hàn gì cả.
This image is created using Fritzing. Click to enlarge image
Code Arduino UNO R4 - Hiển Thị Văn Bản, Số Nguyên và Số Thập Phân trên TFT LCD Touch Display
/*
* Mã Arduino UNO R4 này được phát triển bởi newbiely.vn
* Mã Arduino UNO R4 này được cung cấp để sử dụng công khai, không có ràng buộc.
* Để xem hướng dẫn chi tiết và sơ đồ kết nối, vui lòng truy cập:
* https://newbiely.vn/tutorials/arduino-uno-r4/arduino-uno-r4-tft-lcd-touch-screen-display
*/
#include <DIYables_TFT_Touch_Shield.h>
#define MAGENTA DIYables_TFT::colorRGB(255, 0, 255)
#define WHITE DIYables_TFT::colorRGB(255, 255, 255)
DIYables_TFT_ILI9488_Shield TFT_display;
void setup() {
Serial.println(F("Arduino TFT Touch LCD Display - show text and float number"));
TFT_display.begin();
// Set the rotation (0 to 3)
TFT_display.setRotation(1); // Rotate screen 90 degrees
TFT_display.fillScreen(WHITE);
// Set text color and size
TFT_display.setTextColor(MAGENTA);
TFT_display.setTextSize(3); // Adjust text size as needed
// Sample temperature value
float temperature = 23.5;
float humidity = 78.6;
// Display temperature with degree symbol
TFT_display.setCursor(20, 20); // Set cursor position (x, y)
TFT_display.print("Temperature: ");
TFT_display.print(temperature, 1); // Print temperature with 1 decimal place
TFT_display.print(char(247));
TFT_display.println("C");
// Display humidity
TFT_display.setCursor(20, 60); // Set cursor position (x, y)
TFT_display.print("Humidity: ");
TFT_display.print(humidity, 1); // Print humidity with 1 decimal place
TFT_display.print("%");
}
void loop(void) {
}
Các Bước Nhanh
Làm theo hướng dẫn này từng bước:
- Nếu đây là lần đầu tiên bạn sử dụng Arduino Uno R4 WiFi/Minima, hãy tham khảo hướng dẫn Arduino UNO R4 - Cài Đặt Phần Mềm.
- Kết nối các linh kiện theo sơ đồ đã cung cấp.
- Kết nối bo mạch Arduino Uno R4 với máy tính bằng cáp USB.
- Khởi động Arduino IDE trên máy tính.
- Chọn bo mạch Arduino Uno R4 phù hợp (ví dụ: Arduino Uno R4 WiFi) và cổng COM.
- Đặt TFT LCD Touch display lên bo mạch Arduino UNO R4
- Kết nối bo mạch Arduino UNO R4 với máy tính bằng cáp USB
- Mở Arduino IDE, chọn đúng board và port
- Điều hướng đến biểu tượng Libraries ở thanh bên trái của Arduino IDE.
- Tìm kiếm "DIYables TFT Touch Shield", sau đó tìm thư viện DIYables_TFT_Touch_Shield của DIYables
- Nhấn nút Install để cài đặt thư viện.
- Bạn sẽ được hỏi về việc cài đặt một số thư viện phụ thuộc khác
- Nhấn nút Install All để cài đặt tất cả thư viện phụ thuộc.
- Sao chép code ở trên và dán vào editor của Arduino IDE
- Nhấn nút Upload trên Arduino IDE để tải code lên Arduino UNO R4
Khi bạn thấy kết quả trên màn hình TFT, nó sẽ hiển thị một số văn bản và số. Font cơ bản cũng ổn, nhưng có thể không trông đẹp lắm. Bạn có thể cải thiện cách hiển thị bằng cách sử dụng các font tùy chỉnh.
Sử Dụng Font Ngoài trên TFT LCD Touch với Arduino UNO R4
Thư viện Adafruit GFX cung cấp nhiều font đẹp cho DIYables TFT LCD Touch Display. Để sử dụng font ngoài:
- Tìm thư mục nơi thư viện Adafruit GFX được cài đặt
- Chọn font bạn thích (ví dụ: FreeSansBold12pt7b.h)
- Include font đó vào code Arduino UNO R4:
#include <Fonts/FreeSansBold12pt7b.h>
- Trong hàm setup(), thiết lập font:
tft.setFont(&FreeSansBold12pt7b);
Dưới đây là một ví dụ hoàn chỉnh minh họa việc sử dụng font ngoài.
/*
* Mã Arduino UNO R4 này được phát triển bởi newbiely.vn
* Mã Arduino UNO R4 này được cung cấp để sử dụng công khai, không có ràng buộc.
* Để xem hướng dẫn chi tiết và sơ đồ kết nối, vui lòng truy cập:
* https://newbiely.vn/tutorials/arduino-uno-r4/arduino-uno-r4-tft-lcd-touch-screen-display
*/
#include <DIYables_TFT_Touch_Shield.h>
#include <Fonts/FreeSansBold12pt7b.h>
#define MAGENTA DIYables_TFT::colorRGB(255, 0, 255)
#define WHITE DIYables_TFT::colorRGB(255, 255, 255)
DIYables_TFT_ILI9488_Shield TFT_display;
void setup() {
Serial.println(F("Arduino TFT Touch LCD Display - Use external font"));
TFT_display.begin();
TFT_display.setFont(&FreeSansBold12pt7b);
// Set the rotation (0 to 3)
TFT_display.setRotation(1); // Rotate screen 90 degrees
TFT_display.fillScreen(WHITE);
// Set text color and size
TFT_display.setTextColor(MAGENTA);
TFT_display.setTextSize(1); // Adjust text size as needed
// Sample temperature value
float temperature = 23.5;
float humidity = 78.6;
// Display temperature with degree symbol
TFT_display.setCursor(20, 20); // Set cursor position (x, y)
TFT_display.print("Temperature: ");
TFT_display.print(temperature, 1); // Print temperature with 1 decimal place
TFT_display.print(char(247));
TFT_display.println("C");
// Display humidity
TFT_display.setCursor(20, 60); // Set cursor position (x, y)
TFT_display.print("Humidity: ");
TFT_display.print(humidity, 1); // Print humidity with 1 decimal place
TFT_display.print("%");
}
void loop(void) {
}
Quan trọng: Một số font này có thể không hiển thị ký tự đặc biệt như ký hiệu độ (°), nhưng font mặc định thì có thể.
Code Arduino UNO R4 – Vẽ Hình trên TFT LCD Touch Display
Ví dụ code đơn giản này sẽ chỉ cho bạn cách vẽ các hình đơn giản trên DIYables TFT LCD Touch Display Shield. Bạn sẽ thấy các hình tròn, tam giác, hình chữ nhật, hình chữ nhật bo góc, và hình kim cương nhiều màu sắc xuất hiện lần lượt ở những vị trí khác nhau trên màn hình. Đây là cách thú vị để học cách vẽ với Arduino UNO R4 và màn hình của bạn!
/*
* Mã Arduino UNO R4 này được phát triển bởi newbiely.vn
* Mã Arduino UNO R4 này được cung cấp để sử dụng công khai, không có ràng buộc.
* Để xem hướng dẫn chi tiết và sơ đồ kết nối, vui lòng truy cập:
* https://newbiely.vn/tutorials/arduino-uno-r4/arduino-uno-r4-tft-lcd-touch-screen-display
*/
#include <DIYables_TFT_Touch_Shield.h>
#define BLACK DIYables_TFT::colorRGB(0, 0, 0)
#define BLUE DIYables_TFT::colorRGB(0, 0, 255)
#define RED DIYables_TFT::colorRGB(255, 0, 0)
#define GREEN DIYables_TFT::colorRGB(0, 255, 0)
#define ORANGE DIYables_TFT::colorRGB(255, 165, 0)
#define PINK DIYables_TFT::colorRGB(255, 192, 203)
#define VIOLET DIYables_TFT::colorRGB(148, 0, 211)
#define TURQUOISE DIYables_TFT::colorRGB(64, 224, 208)
#define WHITE DIYables_TFT::colorRGB(255, 255, 255)
DIYables_TFT_ILI9488_Shield TFT_display;
// Helper to draw a filled diamond
void fillDiamond(int cx, int cy, int h, int v, uint16_t color) {
int x0 = cx, y0 = cy - v;
int x1 = cx + h, y1 = cy;
int x2 = cx, y2 = cy + v;
int x3 = cx - h, y3 = cy;
TFT_display.fillTriangle(x0, y0, x1, y1, x2, y2, color);
TFT_display.fillTriangle(x0, y0, x2, y2, x3, y3, color);
}
void setup() {
TFT_display.begin();
TFT_display.setRotation(1); // Landscape: 480x320
}
void loop() {
TFT_display.fillScreen(BLACK);
// Outlined circle (top left)
TFT_display.drawCircle(70, 60, 40, RED);
// Filled circle (top center)
TFT_display.fillCircle(180, 60, 40, RED);
// Outlined triangle (top right)
TFT_display.drawTriangle(260, 30, 340, 30, 300, 100, BLUE);
// Filled triangle (top far right)
TFT_display.fillTriangle(370, 30, 450, 30, 410, 100, GREEN);
// Outlined rectangle (middle left)
TFT_display.drawRect(30, 130, 80, 50, ORANGE);
// Filled rectangle (middle center)
TFT_display.fillRect(140, 130, 80, 50, TURQUOISE);
// Outlined round rectangle (middle right)
TFT_display.drawRoundRect(260, 130, 80, 50, 15, VIOLET);
// Filled round rectangle (middle far right)
TFT_display.fillRoundRect(370, 130, 80, 50, 15, PINK);
// Outlined diamond shape (bottom left)
int cx1 = 120, cy1 = 250, h1 = 40, v1 = 50;
TFT_display.drawLine(cx1, cy1 - v1, cx1 + h1, cy1, GREEN);
TFT_display.drawLine(cx1 + h1, cy1, cx1, cy1 + v1, GREEN);
TFT_display.drawLine(cx1, cy1 + v1, cx1 - h1, cy1, GREEN);
TFT_display.drawLine(cx1 - h1, cy1, cx1, cy1 - v1, GREEN);
// Filled diamond shape (bottom right)
int cx2 = 355, cy2 = 250, h2 = 40, v2 = 50;
fillDiamond(cx2, cy2, h2, v2, BLUE);
delay(10000);
}
Các Bước Nhanh
- Sao chép code ở trên và dán vào editor của Arduino IDE
- Nhấn nút Upload trên Arduino IDE để tải code lên Arduino UNO R4
Thấy các hình trên màn hình TFT LCD Touch chưa? Bạn có thể thấy hình tròn, tam giác, hình chữ nhật, hình chữ nhật bo góc, và hình kim cương.
Code Arduino UNO R4 – Hiển Thị Hình Ảnh trên TFT LCD Touch Display
Có hai cách để lưu trữ và hiển thị hình ảnh trên TFT LCD Touch:
- Chuyển đổi hình ảnh (png, jpg) thành mảng bitmap và lưu trữ trong code Arduino UNO R4, sau đó vẽ lên TFT.
- Ưu điểm: Tốc độ vẽ cao.
- Nhược điểm: Sử dụng nhiều bộ nhớ, hạn chế kích thước và số lượng hình ảnh có thể vẽ.
Chuyển đổi hình ảnh (png, jpg) sang định dạng bitmap (.bmp) và lưu trữ trên thẻ microSD. Lập trình Arduino UNO R4 để đọc và hiển thị hình ảnh từ thẻ microSD.
- Điều này cần thẻ microSD, nhưng không cần adapter, vì màn hình TFT thường có sẵn khe cắm thẻ microSD.
- Ưu điểm: Cho phép sử dụng hình ảnh lớn hơn và nhiều hình ảnh.
- Nhược điểm: Tốc độ vẽ chậm hơn.
Bây giờ, hãy khám phá cách sử dụng cả hai phương pháp.
Lưu Trữ Hình Ảnh dưới Dạng Mảng Bitmap trong Code
/*
* Mã Arduino UNO R4 này được phát triển bởi newbiely.vn
* Mã Arduino UNO R4 này được cung cấp để sử dụng công khai, không có ràng buộc.
* Để xem hướng dẫn chi tiết và sơ đồ kết nối, vui lòng truy cập:
* https://newbiely.vn/tutorials/arduino-uno-r4/arduino-uno-r4-tft-lcd-touch-screen-display
*/
#include <DIYables_TFT_Touch_Shield.h>
#include "bitmap.h"
#define WHITE DIYables_TFT::colorRGB(255, 255, 255)
DIYables_TFT_ILI9488_Shield TFT_display;
int img_width = 120;
int img_height = 53;
uint16_t SCREEN_WIDTH;
uint16_t SCREEN_HEIGHT;
void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600);
Serial.println(F("Arduino TFT Touch LCD Display"));
TFT_display.begin();
SCREEN_WIDTH = TFT_display.width();
SCREEN_HEIGHT = TFT_display.height();
int x = (SCREEN_WIDTH - img_width) / 2;
int y = (SCREEN_HEIGHT - img_height) / 2;
TFT_display.fillScreen(WHITE);
TFT_display.drawRGBBitmap(x, y, myBitmap, img_width, img_height);
}
void loop(void) {
delay(2000);
TFT_display.invertDisplay(true);
delay(2000);
TFT_display.invertDisplay(false);
}
Các Bước Nhanh
- Sao chép code ở trên và dán vào editor của Arduino IDE
- Tạo file bitmap.h trên Arduino IDE bằng cách:
- Hoặc nhấn nút ngay bên dưới biểu tượng serial monitor và chọn New Tab, hoặc sử dụng phím Ctrl+Shift+N.
- Đặt tên file là bitmap.h và nhấn nút OK
- Sao chép code bên dưới và dán vào file bitmap.h vừa tạo. Code này chứa mảng bitmap cho logo DIYables.
- Nhấn nút Upload trên Arduino IDE để tải code lên Arduino UNO R4
- Chuẩn bị hình ảnh của bạn (định dạng JPEG hoặc PNG).
- Chuyển đổi hình ảnh thành mảng bitmap bằng công cụ Image to Bitmap Converter:
- Tải lên hình ảnh và đặt chiều rộng mong muốn để thay đổi kích thước, đảm bảo nó nhỏ hơn kích thước màn hình.
- Đối với PNG trong suốt, chọn màu nền để thay thế các pixel trong suốt, vì độ trong suốt sẽ bị mất trong quá trình chuyển đổi.
- Nhấn nút Convert và chờ.
- Khi chuyển đổi hoàn tất, sao chép mảng bitmap đã tạo và dán vào file bitmap.h.
- Trong code Arduino UNO R4 (file .ino), cập nhật các biến img_width và img_height với kích thước mới của hình ảnh đã thay đổi kích thước.
- Nhấn nút Upload trên Arduino IDE để tải code lên Arduino UNO R4
- Đảm bảo kích thước hình ảnh bằng hoặc nhỏ hơn kích thước màn hình.
- Nếu bạn sửa đổi file .h, hãy thực hiện một thay đổi nhỏ trong file .ino (như thêm dòng trống hoặc khoảng trắng) để Arduino IDE nhận ra cập nhật trong quá trình biên dịch.
- Tải xuống file diyables.bmp và lưu vào thẻ Micro SD.
- Cắm thẻ MicroSD vào khe cắm thẻ SD trên màn hình TFT
- Sao chép code bên dưới và dán vào editor của Arduino IDE
- Nhấn nút Upload trên Arduino IDE để tải code lên Arduino UNO R4
- Chuẩn bị hình ảnh bạn muốn hiển thị (định dạng JPG hoặc PNG).
- Sử dụng Image to Bitmap Converter để chuyển đổi hình ảnh thành file bitmap:
- Nhấn nút Convert và chờ.
- Nhấn nút Save as Bitmap để tải file về PC của bạn.
- Đảm bảo tên file bitmap đã chuyển đổi ngắn hơn 9 ký tự (không tính phần mở rộng).
- Sao chép file bitmap vào thẻ microSD.
- Cắm thẻ microSD vào khe cắm thẻ của màn hình TFT.
- Cập nhật tên file bitmap trong code Arduino UNO R4.
- Tải code đã cập nhật lên Arduino UNO R4. Hình ảnh của bạn sau đó sẽ xuất hiện trên TFT LCD Touch display.
const uint16_t myBitmap[] PROGMEM = {0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xef5d, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xbdf7, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x18c3, 0xbdf7, 0xbdf7, 0xe73c, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffdf, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffdf, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0x2124, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xdedb, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0x0841, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000,
0x3186, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xef5d, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xbdf7, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x2124, 0x528a, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffdf, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffdf, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0x8c71, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x632c, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0x630c, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x3186,
0xf79e, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xef5d, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xbdf7, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xbdf7, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffdf, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffdf, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0x528a, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xe71c, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xef5d, 0x2124, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x73ae,
0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xef5d, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xbdf7, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0020, 0xad55, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffdf, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffdf, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x3186, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0x4a69, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff,
0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xef5d, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xbdf7, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x4a49, 0x4a49, 0x4a49, 0x4a49, 0x4a49, 0x4a49, 0x4a49, 0x4a49, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xbdd7, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffdf, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffdf, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0x9492, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x630c, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xc618, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x10a2, 0xd6ba, 0xffff,
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0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xef5d, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xbdf7, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xe71c, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x18c3, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffdf, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffdf, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0x7bcf, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x7bef, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0x10a2, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xa534, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff,
0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xef5d, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xbdf7, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0x4a69, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffdf, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffdf, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xbdd7, 0x0841, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x39e7, 0xf79e, 0xffff, 0x2945, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x4a69, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff,
0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xef5d, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xbdf7, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xe73c, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x31a6, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffdf, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffdf, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xdedb, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xdedb, 0xb5b6, 0x0020, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xe71c, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff,
0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xef5d, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xbdf7, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xe73c, 0x0841, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0861, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffdf, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffdf, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0x31a6, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x6b6d, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x4a49, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff,
0xffff, 0x2124, 0x2124, 0x2124, 0x2124, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xef5d, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xbdf7, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0x5aeb, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0861, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffdf, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffdf, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0x9cd3, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x4228, 0xffdf, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff,
0xffff, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x2104, 0xa514, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xef5d, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xbdf7, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffdf, 0x528a, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0861, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffdf, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffdf, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0x6b6d, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x9492, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff,
0xffff, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x18e3, 0xb5b6, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xef5d, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xbdf7, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xe73c, 0x0020, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0861, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffdf, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffdf, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff,
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0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x10a2, 0xe71c, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xef5d, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x39e7, 0xf79e, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xbdf7, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xa534, 0xffff, 0xf79e, 0xad75, 0xad75, 0xe73c, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xdefb, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0x7bef, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0x8430, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x9cf3, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xdedb, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xce79, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xbdf7, 0xad75, 0xef5d, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0x632c, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000,
0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x2104, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xef5d, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x1082, 0x6b4d, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xbdf7, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x8c71, 0xce79, 0xf79e, 0xce79, 0xce79, 0x18e3, 0xce79, 0xb596, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xce79, 0xce79, 0x0020, 0x94b2, 0xce79, 0xef7d, 0xce79, 0xce79, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xce79, 0xce79, 0x6b4d, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xbdf7, 0xce79, 0xd69a, 0xef7d, 0xce79, 0xce79, 0x10a2, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x2104, 0xbdf7, 0xce79, 0xd69a, 0xf7be, 0xd69a, 0xce79, 0x2945, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000,
0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x2104, 0xe73c, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xef5d, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xd69a, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xbdf7, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x31a6, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x3186, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0841, 0x2965, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0020, 0x39e7, 0x0020, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000,
0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0841, 0xbdd7, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xef5d, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x528a, 0xf79e, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xbdf7, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000,
0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x7bef, 0xc638, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xef5d, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x4a49, 0xbdd7, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xbdf7, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000,
0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x39e7, 0x39e7, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xef5d, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x39c7, 0x39e7, 0xef7d, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xbdf7, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000,
0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x8c51, 0xbdf7, 0xbdf7, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xef5d, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x8410, 0xbdf7, 0xbdf7, 0xffdf, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xffff, 0xbdf7, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000,
0x0000, };
Bằng cách chạy code trên, bạn sẽ thấy hình ảnh logo DIYables hiển thị trên TFT LCD Touch display như hình dưới đây.
Để hiển thị hình ảnh tùy chỉnh trên TFT LCD Touch display, làm theo các bước sau:
Lưu ý:
Hiển Thị Hình Ảnh từ Thẻ MicroSD trên TFT Touch Display
Các Bước Nhanh
/*
* Mã Arduino UNO R4 này được phát triển bởi newbiely.vn
* Mã Arduino UNO R4 này được cung cấp để sử dụng công khai, không có ràng buộc.
* Để xem hướng dẫn chi tiết và sơ đồ kết nối, vui lòng truy cập:
* https://newbiely.vn/tutorials/arduino-uno-r4/arduino-uno-r4-tft-lcd-touch-screen-display
*/
#include <DIYables_TFT_Touch_Shield.h>
#include <SD.h>
#define WHITE DIYables_TFT::colorRGB(255, 255, 255)
#define BUFFPIXEL 20 // Buffer size remains the same
DIYables_TFT_ILI9488_Shield TFT_display;
#define SD_CS 10
File bmpFile;
uint16_t SCREEN_WIDTH;
uint16_t SCREEN_HEIGHT;
void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600);
if (!SD.begin(SD_CS)) {
Serial.println("SD card initialization failed!");
return;
}
Serial.println("SD card initialized successfully.");
Serial.println(F("Arduino TFT Touch LCD Display"));
TFT_display.begin();
// Set the rotation (0 to 3)
TFT_display.setRotation(1); // Rotate screen 90 degrees
// After rotation, update screen dimensions
SCREEN_WIDTH = TFT_display.width();
SCREEN_HEIGHT = TFT_display.height();
TFT_display.fillScreen(WHITE);
// Get image dimensions
uint32_t imgWidth, imgHeight;
if (getBMPDimensions("diyables.bmp", imgWidth, imgHeight)) {
Serial.print("BMP Image Width: ");
Serial.println(imgWidth);
Serial.print("BMP Image Height: ");
Serial.println(imgHeight);
} else {
Serial.println("Failed to get BMP dimensions");
}
// Optionally, center the image based on its dimensions
int x = (SCREEN_WIDTH - imgWidth) / 2;
int y = (SCREEN_HEIGHT - imgHeight) / 2;
drawBMP("diyables.bmp", x, y); // Draw image at calculated position
}
void loop(void) {
}
// Helper functions to read BMP file header
uint16_t read16(File &f) {
uint16_t result;
result = f.read();
result |= (f.read() << 8);
return result;
}
uint32_t read32(File &f) {
uint32_t result;
result = f.read();
result |= ((uint32_t)f.read() << 8);
result |= ((uint32_t)f.read() << 16);
result |= ((uint32_t)f.read() << 24);
return result;
}
// Function to read a signed 32-bit integer
int32_t readS32(File &f) {
int32_t result;
result = f.read();
result |= ((uint32_t)f.read() << 8);
result |= ((uint32_t)f.read() << 16);
result |= ((uint32_t)f.read() << 24);
return result;
}
// Function to draw BMP from SD card
void drawBMP(const char *filename, int x, int y) {
bmpFile = SD.open(filename);
if (!bmpFile) {
Serial.println("File not found");
return;
}
if (read16(bmpFile) != 0x4D42) { // Check BMP signature
Serial.println("Not a BMP file");
bmpFile.close();
return;
}
// Skip unnecessary BMP header details
Serial.println("BMP signature OK");
uint32_t fileSize = read32(bmpFile);
Serial.print("File Size: ");
Serial.println(fileSize);
read32(bmpFile); // Reserved bytes (skip)
uint32_t imageOffset = read32(bmpFile); // Start of image data
Serial.print("Image Data Offset: ");
Serial.println(imageOffset);
uint32_t dibHeaderSize = read32(bmpFile); // DIB header size
Serial.print("DIB Header Size: ");
Serial.println(dibHeaderSize);
// Now read the width and height of the image
uint32_t bmpWidth = read32(bmpFile);
int32_t bmpHeight = readS32(bmpFile); // Read as signed 32-bit integer
Serial.print("Image Width: ");
Serial.println(bmpWidth);
Serial.print("Image Height: ");
Serial.println(bmpHeight);
bool topDown = false; // Flag to check if the image is top-down
if (bmpHeight < 0) {
bmpHeight = -bmpHeight; // Make height positive for processing
topDown = true; // Mark the BMP as top-down
}
if (read16(bmpFile) != 1) { // Planes must be 1
Serial.println("Invalid BMP file");
bmpFile.close();
return;
}
uint16_t depth = read16(bmpFile); // Color depth
Serial.print("Bit Depth: ");
Serial.println(depth);
if (depth != 24) { // Only 24-bit BMP supported
Serial.println("Only 24-bit BMP is supported");
bmpFile.close();
return;
}
if (read32(bmpFile) != 0) { // No compression
Serial.println("Unsupported BMP compression");
bmpFile.close();
return;
}
// Move to the start of the image data
bmpFile.seek(imageOffset);
uint8_t sdbuffer[3 * BUFFPIXEL]; // Buffer for 20 pixels (3 bytes per pixel)
uint16_t color;
uint32_t rowSize = (bmpWidth * 3 + 3) & ~3; // BMP rows are padded to 4-byte boundaries
// Adjust x and y if image is larger than screen
if (x >= SCREEN_WIDTH || y >= SCREEN_HEIGHT) {
Serial.println("Image position out of screen bounds");
return;
}
uint32_t maxRow = min(bmpHeight, SCREEN_HEIGHT - y);
uint32_t maxCol = min(bmpWidth, SCREEN_WIDTH - x);
// Draw the image
for (uint32_t row = 0; row < maxRow; row++) {
int32_t rowPos = topDown ? row : bmpHeight - 1 - row; // Adjust for top-down BMPs
uint32_t filePosition = imageOffset + rowPos * rowSize;
bmpFile.seek(filePosition); // Move to the correct row
for (uint32_t col = 0; col < maxCol; col += BUFFPIXEL) {
uint32_t pixelsToRead = min(BUFFPIXEL, maxCol - col); // Avoid reading beyond row width
bmpFile.read(sdbuffer, 3 * pixelsToRead); // Read multiple pixels at once
for (uint32_t i = 0; i < pixelsToRead; i++) {
uint8_t b = sdbuffer[i * 3];
uint8_t g = sdbuffer[i * 3 + 1];
uint8_t r = sdbuffer[i * 3 + 2];
color = DIYables_TFT::colorRGB(r, g, b);
// Draw pixel on screen if within bounds
if ((x + col + i) < SCREEN_WIDTH && (y + row) < SCREEN_HEIGHT) {
TFT_display.drawPixel(x + col + i, y + row, color);
}
}
}
}
bmpFile.close(); // Close file when done
Serial.println("Finished drawing BMP");
}
// Function to get BMP image dimensions
bool getBMPDimensions(const char *filename, uint32_t &width, uint32_t &height) {
File bmpFile = SD.open(filename);
if (!bmpFile) {
Serial.println("File not found");
return false;
}
if (read16(bmpFile) != 0x4D42) { // Check BMP signature
Serial.println("Not a BMP file");
bmpFile.close();
return false;
}
read32(bmpFile); // Skip file size
read32(bmpFile); // Skip reserved bytes
uint32_t imageOffset = read32(bmpFile); // Start of image data
uint32_t dibHeaderSize = read32(bmpFile); // DIB header size
// Read the width and height of the image
width = read32(bmpFile);
int32_t bmpHeight = readS32(bmpFile); // May be negative for top-down images
height = (bmpHeight < 0) ? -bmpHeight : bmpHeight;
bmpFile.close(); // Close the file
return true; // Success
}
Bằng cách chạy code trên, bạn sẽ thấy hình ảnh logo DIYables hiển thị trên TFT LCD Touch display như hình dưới đây.
Để sử dụng hình ảnh khác, làm theo các bước sau:
Bạn có thể sửa đổi code để hiển thị nhiều hình ảnh trên TFT LCD Touch display, ví dụ như hình dưới đây:
Lưu ý cho Arduino UNO R4 Mega: Khe cắm thẻ SD trên shield này không được kết nối trực tiếp với các chân SPI của Arduino UNO R4 Mega. Để sử dụng thẻ SD, bạn phải tìm cách kết nối các chân SPI của Mega với các chân thẻ SD theo cách thủ công hoặc sử dụng module thẻ SD ngoài.
Code Arduino UNO R4 – Lấy Điểm Chạm
Code sau đây minh họa cách lấy điểm chạm (tọa độ) từ TFT LCD Touch display và in tọa độ X và Y ra Serial Monitor cũng như vẽ một chấm đỏ tại vị trí được chạm.
Màn hình cảm ứng hoạt động với các giá trị calibration mặc định. Trong trường hợp cảm ứng không hoạt động đúng, hãy chạy ví dụ TouchCalibration.
/*
* Mã Arduino UNO R4 này được phát triển bởi newbiely.vn
* Mã Arduino UNO R4 này được cung cấp để sử dụng công khai, không có ràng buộc.
* Để xem hướng dẫn chi tiết và sơ đồ kết nối, vui lòng truy cập:
* https://newbiely.vn/tutorials/arduino-uno-r4/arduino-uno-r4-tft-lcd-touch-screen-display
*/
#include <DIYables_TFT_Touch_Shield.h>
#define RED DIYables_TFT::colorRGB(255, 0, 0)
#define WHITE DIYables_TFT::colorRGB(255, 255, 255)
// Set your calibration values here!
#define MIN_X 121
#define MAX_X 913
#define MIN_Y 78
#define MAX_Y 931
DIYables_TFT_ILI9488_Shield TFT_display;
void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600);
TFT_display.begin();
// Set the rotation (0 to 3)
TFT_display.setRotation(0);
TFT_display.fillScreen(WHITE);
TFT_display.setTouchCalibration(MIN_X, MAX_X, MIN_Y, MAX_Y);
Serial.println("Touch the screen to see coordinates.");
}
void loop() {
int x, y;
if (TFT_display.getTouch(x, y)) {
Serial.print("Touch at: ");
Serial.print(x);
Serial.print(", ");
Serial.println(y);
TFT_display.fillCircle(x, y, 4, RED); // Draw a red dot where touched
delay(200); // Debounce
}
}
Các Bước Nhanh
- Sao chép code ở trên và dán vào editor của Arduino IDE
- Nhấn nút Upload trên Arduino IDE để tải code lên Arduino UNO R4
- Mở Serial Monitor.
- Chạm vào màn hình.
- Kiểm tra tọa độ hiển thị trên Serial Monitor.
Code Arduino UNO R4 – Vẽ trên TFT LCD Touch Display
Code sau đây minh họa cách vẽ trên TFT LCD Touch display bằng bút.
Màn hình cảm ứng hoạt động với các giá trị calibration mặc định. Trong trường hợp cảm ứng không hoạt động đúng, hãy chạy ví dụ TouchCalibration.
/*
* Mã Arduino UNO R4 này được phát triển bởi newbiely.vn
* Mã Arduino UNO R4 này được cung cấp để sử dụng công khai, không có ràng buộc.
* Để xem hướng dẫn chi tiết và sơ đồ kết nối, vui lòng truy cập:
* https://newbiely.vn/tutorials/arduino-uno-r4/arduino-uno-r4-tft-lcd-touch-screen-display
*/
#include <DIYables_TFT_Touch_Shield.h>
#define RED DIYables_TFT::colorRGB(255, 0, 0)
#define WHITE DIYables_TFT::colorRGB(255, 255, 255)
// Set your calibration values here!
#define MIN_X 121
#define MAX_X 913
#define MIN_Y 78
#define MAX_Y 931
DIYables_TFT_ILI9488_Shield TFT_display;
void setup() {
TFT_display.begin();
TFT_display.setRotation(0);
TFT_display.setTouchCalibration(MIN_X, MAX_X, MIN_Y, MAX_Y);
TFT_display.fillScreen(WHITE);
}
void loop() {
static int lastX = -1, lastY = -1;
int x, y;
if (TFT_display.getTouch(x, y)) {
if (lastX >= 0 && lastY >= 0) {
TFT_display.drawLine(lastX, lastY, x, y, RED);
}
lastX = x;
lastY = y;
delay(10); // Smoother drawing
} else {
lastX = -1;
lastY = -1;
}
}
Các Bước Nhanh
- Sao chép code ở trên và dán vào editor của Arduino IDE
- Nhấn nút Upload trên Arduino IDE để tải code lên Arduino UNO R4
Bây giờ bạn có thể vẽ trên màn hình:
- Chạm và kéo trên màn hình để vẽ.
- Nhấc bút để dừng vẽ.
- Chạm lại để bắt đầu đường kẻ mới từ điểm cuối cùng.
Code Arduino UNO R4 – Ví Dụ Nút Cảm Ứng
Ví dụ này cho thấy cách phát hiện sự kiện nhấn và thả trên một nút hình chữ nhật bằng DIYables TFT Touch Shield. Khi bạn chạm bên trong nút, nó sẽ thay đổi màu và hiển thị "PRESSED". Khi bạn thả ra, nó sẽ trở về trạng thái ban đầu.
Màn hình cảm ứng hoạt động với các giá trị calibration mặc định. Trong trường hợp cảm ứng không hoạt động đúng, hãy chạy ví dụ TouchCalibration.
/*
* Mã Arduino UNO R4 này được phát triển bởi newbiely.vn
* Mã Arduino UNO R4 này được cung cấp để sử dụng công khai, không có ràng buộc.
* Để xem hướng dẫn chi tiết và sơ đồ kết nối, vui lòng truy cập:
* https://newbiely.vn/tutorials/arduino-uno-r4/arduino-uno-r4-tft-lcd-touch-screen-display
*/
#include <DIYables_TFT_Touch_Shield.h>
DIYables_TFT_ILI9488_Shield TFT_display;
#define BLACK DIYables_TFT::colorRGB(0, 0, 0)
#define WHITE DIYables_TFT::colorRGB(255, 255, 255)
#define GRAY DIYables_TFT::colorRGB(128, 128, 128)
#define RED DIYables_TFT::colorRGB(255, 0, 0)
// Set your calibration values here!
#define MIN_X 121
#define MAX_X 913
#define MIN_Y 78
#define MAX_Y 931
#define BUTTON_X 70
#define BUTTON_Y 100
#define BUTTON_W 180
#define BUTTON_H 60
bool lastPressed = false;
void setup() {
TFT_display.begin();
TFT_display.setRotation(0);
TFT_display.setTouchCalibration(MIN_X, MAX_X, MIN_Y, MAX_Y);
TFT_display.fillScreen(WHITE); // White background
// Draw button
TFT_display.fillRect(BUTTON_X, BUTTON_Y, BUTTON_W, BUTTON_H, RED);
TFT_display.drawRect(BUTTON_X, BUTTON_Y, BUTTON_W, BUTTON_H, BLACK);
TFT_display.setTextColor(WHITE);
TFT_display.setTextSize(3);
TFT_display.setCursor(BUTTON_X + 30, BUTTON_Y + 18);
TFT_display.print("PRESS");
}
void loop() {
int x, y;
bool pressed = false;
if (TFT_display.getTouch(x, y)) {
if (x >= BUTTON_X && x < (BUTTON_X + BUTTON_W) && y >= BUTTON_Y && y < (BUTTON_Y + BUTTON_H)) {
pressed = true;
}
}
// Detect press event
if (pressed && !lastPressed) {
// Just pressed
TFT_display.drawRect(BUTTON_X, BUTTON_Y, BUTTON_W, BUTTON_H, BLACK);
TFT_display.fillRect(BUTTON_X, BUTTON_Y, BUTTON_W, BUTTON_H, GRAY);
TFT_display.setTextColor(BLACK);
TFT_display.setCursor(BUTTON_X + 30, BUTTON_Y + 18);
TFT_display.print("PRESSED");
}
// Detect release event
if (!pressed && lastPressed) {
// Just released
TFT_display.drawRect(BUTTON_X, BUTTON_Y, BUTTON_W, BUTTON_H, BLACK);
TFT_display.fillRect(BUTTON_X, BUTTON_Y, BUTTON_W, BUTTON_H, RED);
TFT_display.setTextColor(WHITE);
TFT_display.setCursor(BUTTON_X + 30, BUTTON_Y + 18);
TFT_display.print("PRESS");
}
lastPressed = pressed;
}
Các Bước Nhanh
- Sao chép code ở trên và dán vào editor của Arduino IDE
- Nhấn nút Upload trên Arduino IDE để tải code lên Arduino UNO R4
Chạm vào các nút trên màn hình để xem hiệu ứng của chúng. Nó sẽ trông giống như hình dưới đây.
Code Arduino UNO R4 – Hiệu Chỉnh Cảm Ứng
Các ví dụ cảm ứng ở trên sử dụng các giá trị calibration mặc định và sẽ hoạt động mà không cần thiết lập thêm. Tuy nhiên, nếu vị trí cả